Curriculum & Syllabus
Semester 1 (20 Credits)
Applied Mathematics (4 Credits)
Unit 1: Linear Algebra – Matrices and Determinants, Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors, System of Linear Equations.
Unit 2: Calculus – Differentiation and Integration, Multivariable Calculus, Laplace and Fourier Transforms.
Unit 3: Probability and Statistics – Probability Theorems and Distributions, Statistical Measures, Hypothesis Testing.
Unit 4: Applications in Electronics – Differential Equations in Circuits, Fourier Series in Signal Processing, Probability in Communication Systems.
Fundamentals of Electronics (4 Credits)
Unit 1: Basics of Electric Circuits – Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Laws, Series and Parallel Circuits, Thevenin's and Norton's Theorems.
Unit 2: Passive Components – Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors, Reactance and Impedance in AC Circuits, Power Factor and Energy Storage.
Unit 3: Semiconductor Basics – PN Junction and Zener Diodes, Diode Characteristics and Applications, Rectifier Circuits.
Unit 4: Power Supplies and Circuit Protection – Voltage Regulators, Circuit Protection Devices, Basics of Power Electronics.
Electronic Circuit Design (6 Credits)
Unit 1: Circuit Analysis Techniques – Mesh and Nodal Analysis, AC/DC Circuit Theorems, Frequency Response.
Unit 2: Amplifier Circuits – Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amps), BJT and FET Amplifiers, Feedback Amplifiers.
Unit 3: Oscillators and Signal Generators – RC, LC, and Crystal Oscillators, Waveform Generators, Pulse Shaping Circuits.
Unit 4: Filters and Signal Conditioning – Low-Pass, High-Pass, Band-Pass Filters, Active vs. Passive Filters, Signal Conditioning for Sensors.
Basic Workshop Practice (6 Credits)
Unit 1: Soldering Techniques – Through-Hole and Surface Mount Soldering, Desoldering and Rework, Soldering Safety.
Unit 2: PCB Assembly and Fabrication – PCB Design and Layout, Etching and Drilling, Assembling and Testing.
Unit 3: Circuit Prototyping and Debugging – Breadboarding Techniques, Testing with Multimeter and Oscilloscope, Circuit Troubleshooting.
Unit 4: Mini Project and Real-World Applications – Simple Amplifier or Power Supply Project, Industry Applications, Report Writing and Documentation.
Semester 2 (20 Credits)
Applied Physics (4 Credits)
Unit 1: Electricity and Magnetism – Coulomb's Law and Electric Fields, Gauss's Law and Applications, Magnetic Fields and Electromagnetic Induction.
Unit 2: Wave Optics – Interference and Diffraction, Polarization and Optical Instruments, Applications in Fiber Optics.
Unit 3: Semiconductor Physics – Energy Bands and Charge Carriers, PN Junctions and Diode Characteristics, Transistors and MOSFET Basics.
Unit 4: Modern Physics Applications – Quantum Mechanics Basics, Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nanotechnology in Electronics.
Digital Logic Design (6 Credits)
Unit 1: Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates – Basic Logic Gates (AND, OR, NOT, XOR, NAND, NOR), Truth Tables and Logic Simplification, Boolean Expressions and Minimization.
Unit 2: Combinational Circuits – Adders, Subtractors, and Multiplexers, Decoders, Encoders, and Comparators, PLA and FPGA Basics.
Unit 3: Sequential Circuits – Flip-Flops (SR, D, JK, T), Registers and Counters, Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Circuits.
Unit 4: Digital System Design Applications – Memory Design (RAM, ROM, Cache), Digital Signal Processing Basics, Microprocessor and Microcontroller Interfacing.
Computer Programming Basics (6 Credits)
Unit 1: Fundamentals of C Programming – Syntax, Data Types, Variables, Operators and Expressions, Input and Output Functions.
Unit 2: Control Structures and Functions – Conditional Statements (if, switch), Looping (for, while, do-while), Functions and Recursion.
Unit 3: Data Structures in C – Arrays and Strings, Pointers and Dynamic Memory Allocation, Structures, Unions, and File Handling.
Unit 4: Application-Based Programming – Debugging and Error Handling, Simple Embedded C for Microcontrollers, Mini Project Development.
Advanced Workshop Practice (4 Credits)
Unit 1: Advanced PCB Design – Multi-Layer PCB Fabrication, PCB Layout Optimization, Solder Masking and Component Placement.
Unit 2: Microcontroller Circuit Assembly – Microcontroller Selection and Pin Configuration, Interfacing Sensors and Actuators, Programming with Embedded C.
Unit 3: Maintenance and Troubleshooting – Debugging Hardware Issues, Testing with Multimeters and Oscilloscopes, Circuit Repair and Component Replacement.
Unit 4: Mini Project and Industrial Applications – Small-Scale Project on Digital Electronics, Prototype Development, Testing, and Reporting.
Semester 3 (20 Credits)
Signals and Systems (4 Credits)
Unit 1: Introduction to Signals and Systems – Classification of Signals (Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time), Standard Signals, System Properties (Linearity, Time-Invariance, Causality).
Unit 2: Fourier Analysis – Fourier Series Representation, Continuous-Time Fourier Transform (CTFT), Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT).
Unit 3: Laplace and Z-Transforms – Laplace Transform and Properties, Inverse Laplace Transform, Z-Transform Definition and Applications.
Unit 4: Sampling and Signal Processing Applications – Sampling Theorem and Reconstruction, Aliasing and Anti-Aliasing Filters, Basics of DSP.
Analog Electronics (6 Credits)
Unit 1: Semiconductor Devices and Amplifiers – Transistor Configurations and Characteristics, Small-Signal and Large-Signal Amplifiers, Frequency Response.
Unit 2: Oscillators and Waveform Generators – Feedback Oscillators (Hartley, Colpitts, Phase-Shift), Crystal Oscillators, Waveform Generators.
Unit 3: Operational Amplifiers and Applications – Op-Amp Characteristics, Filters, Comparators, Precision Rectifiers and Active Filters.
Unit 4: Power Supplies and Voltage Regulators – Linear and Switching Power Supplies, Voltage Regulators (IC 78XX, 79XX, LM317), Power Management.
Communication Systems (6 Credits)
Unit 1: Introduction to Communication Systems – Elements of Communication Systems, SNR and Bandwidth Considerations, Analog vs. Digital Communication.
Unit 2: Modulation Techniques – Amplitude Modulation (AM), Frequency Modulation (FM), Phase Modulation (PM), Pulse Modulation (PAM, PWM, PPM).
Unit 3: Noise Analysis and Channel Performance – Sources of Noise, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Noise Figure, Effect of Noise in AM/FM Systems.
Unit 4: Antenna and Wireless Basics – Antenna Types and Radiation Patterns, Radio Wave Propagation, Basics of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and 5G.
PCB Design and Fabrication (4 Credits)
Unit 1: PCB Basics and Design Techniques – Substrates, Layout Design Software (Eagle, KiCad, Altium), Grounding and Noise Reduction.
Unit 2: PCB Fabrication Process – Photoetching, Chemical Etching, Drilling, Plating, Solder Mask and Silkscreen Printing.
Unit 3: PCB Testing and Debugging – Continuity and Isolation Tests, Debugging and Repair, Signal Integrity and EMI/EMC Considerations.
Unit 4: Advanced PCB Prototyping – Multi-Layer PCB Design, Flexible and Rigid-Flex PCBs, Real-World Case Studies.
Semester 4 (20 Credits)
Microprocessors and Microcontrollers (4 Credits)
Unit 1: Introduction – Evolution, Differences Between Microprocessors and Microcontrollers, Applications in Embedded Systems.
Unit 2: Microprocessor Architecture – Architecture of 8085 and 8086, Addressing Modes, Instruction Set, Assembly Language Programming.
Unit 3: Microcontroller Basics – Overview of 8051 Architecture, Embedded C Programming, Peripheral Interfacing (Timers, Serial Communication, ADC/DAC).
Unit 4: Advanced Microcontroller Applications – Introduction to ARM Cortex Processors, Real-Time Embedded Applications, System Design Case Studies.
IoT Basics and Applications (6 Credits)
Unit 1: IoT Architecture and Sensors – Reference Architecture, Sensors and Actuators, Interfacing with Microcontrollers.
Unit 2: IoT Communication Protocols – MQTT, HTTP, CoAP, Communication layers for IoT devices.
Unit 3: Cloud and Edge Computing – Cloud Platforms (AWS IoT, Firebase), Data Ingestion, and Visualization Dashboards.
Unit 4: IoT Security and Case Studies – Security Challenges, Device Authentication, Smart Home and Industrial IoT Applications.
PCB Design and Advanced Fabrication (6 Credits)
Unit 1: Advanced PCB Design Techniques – Multi-Layer Design and Routing, High-Speed Design Considerations, EMI/EMC Reduction.
Unit 2: Fabrication Process and Materials – Substrate Selection for High-Frequency Applications, Manufacturing Rigid/Flex PCBs, Assembly Techniques.
Unit 3: Testing, Debugging, and Reliability – Electrical and Functional Testing, Signal Integrity Issues, Reliability and Thermal Management.
Unit 4: Industrial Applications – PCB Design for IoT and Embedded Systems, Industrial PCB Fabrication Case Studies, Intro to AI-Based PCB Automation.
Internship (4 Credits)
Industry-based training, hands-on application in embedded systems, IoT, or PCB design, daily work logs, and performance evaluation.
Semester 5 (20 Credits)
Digital Signal Processing (4 Credits)
Unit 1: Introduction to DSP – Signals and Systems Basics, Sampling Theorem, Signal Reconstruction, Discrete-Time Systems.
Unit 2: Z-Transform and DFT – Z-Transform Properties and Inverse, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).
Unit 3: FIR and IIR Filter Design – Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filter Design, Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filter Design, Stability Analysis.
Unit 4: DSP Applications – Digital Audio and Image Processing, Real-Time Signal Processing with DSP Processors, Case Studies.
Control Systems (6 Credits)
Unit 1: Introduction to Control Systems – Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Systems, Mathematical Modeling, Transfer Functions, Block Diagrams.
Unit 2: Stability Analysis – Routh-Hurwitz Stability Criterion, Root Locus Method, Nyquist Criterion, Time Response Analysis.
Unit 3: Frequency-Domain Analysis and PID – Bode Plots, Nyquist Plots, Compensation Techniques (Lead, Lag), PID Controller Design.
Unit 4: Control System Applications – Industrial Automation, MATLAB/Simulink Simulation, Real-World Implementation Case Studies.
Embedded Systems (6 Credits)
Unit 1: Architecture – Basics of Embedded Systems, Microcontroller vs. Microprocessor Systems, Memory and I/O Interfaces.
Unit 2: Programming and RTOS – Embedded C Programming, Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) Basics, Interrupt Handling, Task Scheduling.
Unit 3: Software Development – Communication Protocols (UART, SPI, I2C), Interfacing Sensors and Displays, Application Debugging.
Unit 4: Applications and Case Studies – IoT-Enabled Embedded Systems, Automation in Automotive and Industry, Design Case Studies.
Internship (4 Credits)
On-site training in embedded systems or automation projects, industry mentor feedback, and technical evaluation.
Semester 6 (20 Credits)
VLSI Design Basics (6 Credits)
Unit 1: Introduction to VLSI Technology – Evolution and Moore's Law, CMOS Technology Overview, Fabrication Process Basics.
Unit 2: Digital Circuit Design – Logic Gates, Combinational and Sequential Circuit Design in VLSI, Low-Power and High-Speed Design.
Unit 3: RTL Coding and HDLs – Verilog and VHDL Basics, RTL Coding Best Practices, Finite State Machine (FSM) Design.
Unit 4: Synthesis, Testing, and Verification – Synthesis and Optimization, Static Timing Analysis (STA), FPGA Implementation and Testing.
Unit 5: VLSI Applications – ASIC vs. FPGA Design, Processor and Memory Design Applications, Industry Mini-Projects.
Wireless Communication (6 Credits)
Unit 1: Fundamentals – Wireless Systems Overview, Frequency Spectrum, Modulation Techniques, Path Loss and Fading.
Unit 2: Cellular Networks and 5G – Cellular Architecture (2G to 5G Evolution), Multiple Access Techniques (TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, OFDMA).
Unit 3: Wireless Protocols – IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth, Zigbee, LTE, VoLTE, and IoT Wireless Standards.
Unit 4: Antenna Design and Propagation – Radiation Patterns, MIMO Antennas, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN).
Unit 5: Practical Systems – Networking Labs on Wireless Protocols, IoT-Enabled Wireless Network Case Studies.
IoT Systems and Applications (4 Credits)
Unit 1-4: Advanced IoT protocols, enterprise security in IoT networks, edge computing architectures, and end-to-end deployment case studies.
Capstone Project (4 Credits)
Unit 1: Project Planning and Proposal – Problem Identification, Literature Review, Technical Feasibility, and Mentorship.
Unit 2: Implementation and Development – Hardware and Software Integration, Prototyping, Testing, and Validation.
Unit 3: Report Writing and Documentation – Technical Report Standards, User Manuals, Plagiarism Checks, and Compliance.
Unit 4: Presentation and Evaluation – Final Presentation to Industry Experts, Project Demonstration, and Viva-Voce.